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E10

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Ethanol as low concentration component “E10”

In maximum, 5, 10 or 15% ethanol in gasoline can be used for conventional cars depending on the regional regulations. In Brazil, cars are slightly modified for ethanol concentrations up to some 25%. Exhaust emissions form new cars are low, and absolute differences between fuels are small in normal driving conditions. The effect of low-level ethanol on exhaust emissions is mainly seen at cold-start and heavy-driving conditions.

Ethanol properties

E10 gasoline blending

E10 emissions

 

IEA AMF work on low-concentration ethanol:

 

Other References:

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Aakko, P., Jäntti, A., Pentikäinen, J., Honkanen, T. and Rantanen, L. (2002) An extensive analysis of the exhaust emissions from spark-ignition vehicles using fuels with biocomponents. FISITA Paper F02E027.

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Australian study (2008) Evaluating the Health Impacts of Ethanol Blend Petrol. Final report KW48/17/F3.3F. (21 vehicles using E5 and E10 splash-blended gasoline/ethanol blends. Seven cars were from 90’s, seven from around 2003 and seven from 2006 or newer.)

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Croes, B. et al. (1999) Health and environmental assessment of the use of ethanol as a fuel oxygenate. Report to California Environmental Policy Council.

CONCAWE Review, Vol. 15 no 1, Spring 2006.

Davis, G., Heil, E. and Rust, R. (2000) Ethanol vehicle cold start improvement when using a hydrogen supplemented E85 fuel. AIAA-2000-2849.

Deep, R. et al. (2002) Impact of Ethanol on Benzene Plume Lengths: Microbial and Modeling Studies. Journal of environmental engineering. 128: 868-875.

Degaldo, R., Araujo, A. and Fernandes, V. (2007) Properties of Brazilian gasoline mixed with hydrated ethanol for flex-fuel technology. Fuel Processing Technology 88 (2007) 365-368.

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E85 Handbook (2013) Handbook of Handling, Storing, and Dispensing of E85 and Other Ethanol-Gasoline Blends. US Dpeartment of Energy. DOE/GO-102013-3861.

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Environment Australia. (2002a) A Literature Review Based Assessment on the Impacts of a 20% Ethanol Gasoline Fuel Blend on the Australian Vehicle Fleet. November 2002. http://www.deh.gov.au/atmosphere/ethanol/report/chapter3.html

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ETP 2011 http://www.biofuelstp.eu/vehicles.html

Filho, O. (2008) Gasoline made with hydrous ethanol. Delphi South America Technical Center. September 2008.
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Graham, L., Belisle, S. and Baas, C-L. (2008) Emissions from light duty gasoline vehicles operating on low blend ethanol gasoline and E85. Atmospheric Environment 42(2008) 4498-4516. (A study on low-concentration gasoline/ethanol blends with three multi-port fuel injected (MPFI) cars of model years 1998, 2001, and 2003 and one gasoline direct injection (GDI) car from 2000. Tests were conducted at +20 and -10 °C. E10 and E20 fuels were tailored to same vapor pressure as reference gasoline. One of the fuels was splash-blended E10.)

Gregory,L. Consulting (2012) A Comphrehensive Analysis of Current Research on E15 Dispensing Component Compatibility. March 2012.

Hammel-Smith, C., Fang, J., Powders, M. and Aabakken, J. (2002) Issues associated with the use of higher ethanol blends (E17-E24). NREL/TP-510-32206.

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